HP 3000 MPE/iX Porting Guide

Last updated May 29, 1998

Welcome to the MPE/iX Porting Guide!

At first glance, porting Unix programs to MPE/iX might seem like a hopeless task. But the good news is that it's not really that difficult. HP added a POSIX shell, POSIX utilities (like sed and grep), a POSIX API, and a hierarchical file system to MPE/iX 4.5 back in 1992. Unfortunately this major new functionality remained fairly obscure and under-utilized by the customer base until about 1996, when the GNU gcc C compiler was ported and released by Mark Klein. Shortly thereafter porting activity picked up, and major Unix packages like Samba, Apache, syslog, the BIND DNS server, sendmail, Perl, xntp, and Java were all ported to MPE/iX.

So as you begin your journey into the wonderful world of POSIX porting, keep the following points in mind:

It's not as difficult as you may think.
Most major freeware Unix packages obtained from the Internet have been written with portability as a major goal. There are perhaps 10 major variants of Unix, and for the most part MPE shares the same idiosyncracies. Chances are good that if your package comes with an autoconfigure script, once you get that initial script ported to MPE the rest might be rather painless. If there is no autoconfigure script, examine the documentation, source, and header files for any portability symbols that you can define at compile time via the -D compiler parameter.
Some C language experience is helpful, but an expert level of knowledge is not required.
Porting is easier if you have experience on Unix building, installing, administering, and using the package being ported.
The more ports you do, the easier the next one becomes!
If you get stuck, take a look at some of the other ports that have already been done. Chances are good that somebody else has already encountered and solved your same problem. If you get really stuck, post your question to the HP3000-L mailing list.

Once you've completed your port, please let me know if you have any new porting tips that you'd like to add to this document.

Contributors
Documentation
Scripts
Compiling and Linking
Include Files
Functions
Sockets
Terminal I/O
Miscellaneous
Bugs

Contributors

Documentation

Start with the document you're reading now, obviously. :-)
Lars' Samba porting notes
Berkeley Sockets/iX Reference Manual
HP C/iX Library Reference Manual
MPE/iX Developer's Kit Reference Manual Volume I
MPE/iX Developer's Kit Reference Manual Volume II
MPE/iX Shell and Utilities Reference Manual Volume I (tragically not on LaserROM)
MPE/iX Shell and Utilities Reference Manual Volume II (tragically not on LaserROM)
New Features of MPE/iX: Using the Hierarchical File System
Having access to Unix documentation for utilities and functions will be helpful.
HP3000 Frequently Asked Questions (includes information about the HP3000-L mailing list, an invaluable technical resource for HP3000 users)

Scripts

GNU and other autoconfigure scripts need to be modified to run the test program after it is compiled and linked in order to test for unresolved external references. Edit the script and insert code near the end of the ac_link string (but before any file redirection) to run the test program, i.e. " && ! callci run ./conftest\;stdin=\*notfound | /bin/grep ^UNRESOLVED 1>&5 2>&5". The bogus "stdin=\*notfound" prevents the test program from actually being run if there were no unresolved external references, because doing so might cause a non-zero return code if the test program should die because of incomplete parameters for the function being tested for.
The shell's built-in cat command will drop bytes if you do "cat <inputfile >outputfile". See Bugs below.
/bin/sed has trouble parsing regular expressions that use a / as the leading and trailing delimiter, with interior / characters. See Bugs below.
MPE commands can be called from the POSIX shell with the built-in callci command. But if you want to execute callci from a batch job, see Bugs below.
The SH.HPBIN.SYS shell suffers from terribly slow performance when running huge autoconfigure scripts. For example, running the Perl/iX configure script takes 45 minutes on a 3000/969KS200, and that's several integer multiples longer than the time it takes to run the same script on a little 9000/817 running HPUX. Analysis with Glance suggests that the I/O methods used by the shell to read scripts are very inefficient.

Compiling and Linking

Most porting work is done using the GNU gcc compiler from the Interex MPE Freeware tape. But people are also using the HP C/iX compiler.
Most ported code requires -D_POSIX_SOURCE in order to compile cleanly.
All ported socket code requires -D_SOCKET_SOURCE in order to compile cleanly.
At link time, unresolved external symbols are not returned as an error condition because MPE supports run-time binding to external libraries. This will confuse makefiles and autoconfigure scripts that expect the link step to die with an error if there are unresolved externals.
If you are planning to emulate shared libraries or just want to use XLs and are using shared data, there are conflicts between libc.a (libc.sl) and /SYS/PUB/XL that could cause grief. The solution is to remove those conflicts from libc.a. The LIBS.hp3000 script that comes with a future release of gcc/iX has been modified to do this. For those that don't use this script but want to use shared data, they need to be aware that this could be a problem.

Include Files

The following symbols are missing from various include files:

#define AF_INET6        24
#define AF_UNSPEC       0 
#define IFF_LOOPBACK    8 
#define IFF_POINTOPOINT 0x10
#define IN_CLASSD(i)    (((u_long)(i) & ((u_long)0xf0000000)) == ((u_long)0xe0000000))
#define INADDR_NONE     (u_long)0xffffffff
#define ITIMER_REAL     0
#define MAX(x, y)       ((x > y) ?x :y)
#define MAXNAMLEN       255
#define MAXPATHLEN      1024
#define MIN(x, y)       ((x > y) ?y :x)
#define PF_INET         AF_INET
#define PF_UNIX         AF_UNIX
#define PF_UNSPEC       AF_UNSPEC
#define SHM_R           0400  /* Read permission */
#define SHM_W           0200  /* Write permission */
#define S_IEXEC         S_IXUSR
#define S_IREAD         S_IRUSR
#define S_IWRITE        S_IWUSR
#define SIOCGIFDSTADDR  0
#define SOCK_RAW        3

struct itimerval {
        struct timeval it_interval;    /* timer interval */
        struct timeval it_value;       /* current value */
};

struct timespec { 
        time_t  tv_sec;         /* seconds */ 
        long    tv_nsec;        /* nanoseconds */
};

<grp.h> lacks gr_passwd.
<pwd.h> contains several fields which are uninitialized and unsupported:

/* the following fields are uninitialized until further notice */
char  *pw_gecos;     /* User info "name,mailstop,workphone,homephone"*/
char  *pw_passwd;
char  *pw_age;
char  *pw_comment;   /* User's comment */
long  pw_audid;
int   pw_audflg;
char  *pw_spare[10]; /* expansion room */

Missing include files:

<arpa/inet.h>
<net/route.h>
<nlist.h>
<paths.h>
<sys/errno.h>
<sys/file.h>
<sys/mbuf.h>
<sys/param.h>
<sys/resource.h>
<sys/signal.h> (use <signal.h> instead)
<sys/time.h>
<utmp.h>
A good number of the above include files aren't really needed under MPE at all. For example, if your source contains:

#include <sys/param.h>

#ifndef MPE
#include <sys/param.h>
#endif

#ifndef AIX
#include <sys/param.h>
#endif

#if !defined(AIX) && !defined(MPE)
#include <sys/param.h>
#endif

#ifndef __hp3000s900
#include <sys/param.h>
#endif

libbsd from jazz contains the following include files that might be of interest:

/usr/include/bsd/a.out.h
/usr/include/bsd/ar.h
/usr/include/bsd/db.h
/usr/include/bsd/dirent.h
/usr/include/bsd/errno.h
/usr/include/bsd/fcntl.h
/usr/include/bsd/ftw.h
/usr/include/bsd/glob.h
/usr/include/bsd/mnttab.h
/usr/include/bsd/mpe.h
/usr/include/bsd/mpool.h
/usr/include/bsd/ndbm.h
/usr/include/bsd/nl_types.h
/usr/include/bsd/nlist.h
/usr/include/bsd/paths.h
/usr/include/bsd/pwd.h
/usr/include/bsd/resolv.h
/usr/include/bsd/sgtty.h
/usr/include/bsd/signal.h
/usr/include/bsd/stdio.h
/usr/include/bsd/stdlib.h
/usr/include/bsd/string.h
/usr/include/bsd/strings.h
/usr/include/bsd/sysexits.h
/usr/include/bsd/syslog.h
/usr/include/bsd/termios.h
/usr/include/bsd/time.h
/usr/include/bsd/tzfile.h
/usr/include/bsd/unistd.h
/usr/include/bsd/utmp.h
/usr/include/bsd/arpa/ftp.h
/usr/include/bsd/arpa/nameser.h
/usr/include/bsd/arpa/telnet.h
/usr/include/bsd/arpa/tftp.h
/usr/include/bsd/machine/endian.h
/usr/include/bsd/net/if.h
/usr/include/bsd/net/if_arp.h
/usr/include/bsd/netinet/in.h
/usr/include/bsd/netinet/in_systm.h
/usr/include/bsd/netinet/ip.h
/usr/include/bsd/netinet/ip_icmp.h
/usr/include/bsd/netinet/ip_var.h
/usr/include/bsd/protocols/rwhod.h
/usr/include/bsd/protocols/talkd.h
/usr/include/bsd/rpc/rpc.h
/usr/include/bsd/sys/cdefs.h
/usr/include/bsd/sys/dir.h
/usr/include/bsd/sys/errno.h
/usr/include/bsd/sys/file.h
/usr/include/bsd/sys/ioctl.h
/usr/include/bsd/sys/mman.h
/usr/include/bsd/sys/param.h
/usr/include/bsd/sys/resource.h
/usr/include/bsd/sys/signal.h
/usr/include/bsd/sys/socket.h
/usr/include/bsd/sys/stat.h
/usr/include/bsd/sys/statfs.h
/usr/include/bsd/sys/stdsyms.h
/usr/include/bsd/sys/syslog.h
/usr/include/bsd/sys/time.h
/usr/include/bsd/sys/ttychars.h
/usr/include/bsd/sys/wait.h

Various include files are available from the POSIX wrappers package on jazz:

/POSIXC50/include/errnongd.h
/POSIXC50/include/general.h
/POSIXC50/include/grp.h
/POSIXC50/include/langinfo.h
/POSIXC50/include/libgen.h
/POSIXC50/include/mpe2.h
/POSIXC50/include/mpeaif.h
/POSIXC50/include/mpeerrno.h
/POSIXC50/include/mpestub.h
/POSIXC50/include/ourhdr.h
/POSIXC50/include/setsigint.h
/POSIXC50/include/signal.h
/POSIXC50/include/syslog.h
/POSIXC50/include/tcmpe.h
/POSIXC50/include/termtype.h
/POSIXC50/include/time.h
/POSIXC50/include/ulimit.h
/POSIXC50/include/unistd.h
/POSIXC50/include/util.h
/POSIXC50/include/sys/stat.h

Functions

MPE children created via fork() won't continue to run in the background if the parent process terminates. Workaround: if possible, tell the parent to just fall into the child code instead of doing fork()/exit().
MPE kill() requires you to be executing with the same UID as the process that you want to kill. Having SM or PM capability is NOT sufficient.
MPE link() exists, but is unimplemented. If link() is being used to clone a file, you can accomplish the same thing by copying the file:

int link(const char *path1, const char *path2)
{
#define LINK_BUFSIZE 4096
char buf[LINK_BUFSIZE];
int errsave, fd_path1, fd_path2, result, readlen, writelen; 
struct stat st_path1; 
 
/* Open the original file. */
 
if ((fd_path1 = open(path1,O_RDONLY)) < 0) return fd_path1; 

/* Obtain the size and the mode. */
 
if ((result = fstat(fd_path1, &st_path1)) < 0)
{
        errsave = errno;
        close(fd_path1);
        errno = errsave;
        return result;
}

/* Create the duplicate copy. */

if ((fd_path2 = open(path2,O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_WRONLY,st_path1.st_mode)) < 0)
{
        errsave = errno;
        close(fd_path1); 
        errno = errsave;
        return fd_path2; 
}


 
/* Copy all of the bytes LINK_BUFSIZE at a time. */
 
while ((readlen = read(fd_path1, &buf, LINK_BUFSIZE)) > 0)
        if ((writelen = write(fd_path2, &buf, readlen)) < 0) break;

/* Any trouble reading? */ 
 
if (readlen < 0) 
{
        errsave = errno;
        close(fd_path1);
        close(fd_path2); 
        errno = errsave;
        return readlen;
}

/* Any trouble writing? */ 

if (writelen < 0) 
{
        errsave = errno;
        close(fd_path1); 
        close(fd_path2);
        errno = errsave;
        return writelen; 
}

/* Close the input file. */

if ((result = close(fd_path1)) < 0)
{
        errsave = errno;
        close(fd_path2);
        errno = errsave;
        return result;
}

/* Close the output file. */

if ((result = close(fd_path2)) < 0) return result;
 
/* Success. */ 
         
return 0; 
}

If link() is being used as an atomic "test and set" method to create a semaphore file, use open(O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_WRONLY) instead. The open() will fail if the file already exists; otherwise it will succeed and create the file.

MPE does have lstat(), despite it being omitted from the MPE/iX Developer's Kit manual.
MPE setgid() probably requires GETPRIVMODE(), but doesn't actually do anything because MPE doesn't support direct gid switching.
MPE setuid() requires GETPRIVMODE(). Note that setuid() will also implicitly change your gid to that of the MPE account that contains the new user ID. Note that setuid() will improperly alter your current working directory; see Bugs below.
MPE stat() and lstat() return st_blksize as zero.
Missing functions:

adjtime()
bcmp(), bcopy(), and bzero(); Workaround:

# define bcopy(src, dst, len) (memmove((dst), (src), (len)))
# define bzero(dst, len)      (memset((dst), '\0', (len)))
# define bcmp(src, dst, len)  (memcmp((src), (dst), (len)))

chroot(); no workaround possible; only HP can implement this vital security functionality
daemon()
endgrent()
endpwent(); but see libBSD from jazz
fsync(); Workaround:

int fsync(fd) 
        int fd; 
{
        extern FCONTROL(short, short, void *);

        FCONTROL(_MPE_FILENO(fd), 2, NULL);
        return 0;
}

ftruncate(); Workaround:

int ftruncate(int fd, size_t wantsize) {
        extern FCONTROL(short, short, void *); 
 
        long cursize;

        /* determine current file size */
        if ((cursize = lseek(fd, 0L, 2)) == -1)
                return (-1);

        /* maybe lengthen... */
        if (cursize < wantsize) {
                if (lseek(fd, wantsize - 1, 0) == -1 ||
                    write(fd, "", 1) == -1) {
                        return (-1);
                }
                return (0);
        }

        /* maybe shorten... */
        if (wantsize < cursize) {
                if (lseek(fd, wantsize - 1, 0) == -1) {
                        return (-1);
                }
                FCONTROL(_MPE_FILENO(fd),6,0); /* Write smaller EOF */
                return (0);
        }
        return (0);
}

_getch(); use getchar() instead
getpass(); but see libBSD from jazz
getpwent(); but see libBSD from jazz
getgrent()
gettimeofday(); but see libBSD from jazz
getusershell(); use the constants '/SYS/HPBIN/SH' or '/SYS/PUB/CI' instead
initgroups(); not available under MPE because of limited group support
killpg(); not available under MPE because of limited group support
major() and minor(); Workaround:

#define major(x) 0
#define minor(x) 0

mkstemp()
nice(); but this is coming with 6.0
readv(); loop doing read() instead
setgrent()
setgroups(); not available under MPE because of limited group support
setitimer()
setpwent(); but see libBSD from jazz
setsid()
settimeofday()
statfs()
strcasecmp()
strdup(); but see libBSD from jazz
strncasecmp()
strsep()
utimes()
vfork(); use fork() instead
writev(); loop doing write() instead

A variety of missing functions are available in object-only form in libbsd.a from jazz:

bcopy()
compress_mode()
dbm_clearerr()
dbm_close()
dbm_delete()
dbm_dirfno()
dbm_error()
dbm_fetch()
dbm_firstkey()
dbm_nextkey()
dbm_open()
dbm_store()
dbopen()
dosendwait()
endpwent()
fchmod()
fchown()
flock()
forkpty()
fsync()
ftruncate()
getenv()
getmode()
getpass()
getpwent()
gettimeofday()
getwd()
glob()
globfree()
hcreate()
hdestroy()
herror()
hsearch()
index()
login_tty()
main()
mkstemp()
mktemp()
mpool_close()
mpool_filter()
mpool_get()
mpool_new()
mpool_open()
mpool_put()
mpool_sync()
openpty()
putenv()
rcmd()
rindex()
rresvport()
ruserok()
sendwait()
setenv()
setlogmask()
setmode()
setpgrp()
setpwent()
sigblock()
sighold()
sigignore()
siginterrupt()
sigpause()
sigrelse()
sigsetmask()
sigspace()
sigvec()
sigvector()
snprintf()
strdup()
strsep()
subsys_break_handler()
tcgetattr()
tcgetpgrp()
tcsetattr()
tcsetpgrp()
tempnam()
tmpnam()
tread()
twrite()
unsetenv()
wait3()
writev()

A variety of missing functions are available in source and object code form in POSIX Wrappers from jazz:

/POSIXC50/OPERATOR/source/chfc.c
/POSIXC50/OPERATOR/source/chfccmd.c
/POSIXC50/OPERATOR/source/chspacecmd.c
/POSIXC50/OPERATOR/source/online.c
/POSIXC50/SCRIPTS/source/mktempcmd.c
/POSIXC50/SCRIPTS/source/mpenamecmd.c
/POSIXC50/SCRIPTS/source/nohup.c
/POSIXC50/SCRIPTS/source/pintopidcmd.c
/POSIXC50/SCRIPTS/source/printnsf.c
/POSIXC50/SCRIPTS/source/printnsfcmd.c
/POSIXC50/SCRIPTS/source/putenvcmd.c
/POSIXC50/SCRIPTS/source/termtypecmd.c
/POSIXC50/SCRIPTS/source/tmpnamcmd.c
/POSIXC50/avail/_exit/_exitt.c
/POSIXC50/avail/abort/abortt.c
/POSIXC50/avail/access/access.c
/POSIXC50/avail/access/accessn.c
/POSIXC50/avail/access/accesst.c
/POSIXC50/avail/access/acctest.c
/POSIXC50/avail/atexit/atexitt.c
/POSIXC50/avail/atoi/atoit.c
/POSIXC50/avail/chmod/chmodt.c
/POSIXC50/avail/clock/clockt.c
/POSIXC50/avail/confstr/confstrt.c
/POSIXC50/avail/dup2/dup2t.c
/POSIXC50/avail/environ/environt.c
/POSIXC50/avail/exec/echoall.c
/POSIXC50/avail/exec/execl1t.c
/POSIXC50/avail/exec/execlt.c
/POSIXC50/avail/exec/execvpt.c
/POSIXC50/avail/exec/execvt.c
/POSIXC50/avail/exit/exitt.c
/POSIXC50/avail/fcntl/daemonsut.c
/POSIXC50/avail/fcntl/deadlockt.c
/POSIXC50/avail/fcntl/execl.c
/POSIXC50/avail/fcntl/fcntl.c
/POSIXC50/avail/fcntl/fcntlct.c
/POSIXC50/avail/fcntl/lockmandt.c
/POSIXC50/avail/fcntl/lockregt.c
/POSIXC50/avail/fcntl/lockreoft.c
/POSIXC50/avail/fcntl/locktest.c
/POSIXC50/avail/fcntl/nonblrt.c
/POSIXC50/avail/fcntl/nonblwt.c
/POSIXC50/avail/fcntl/prflags.c
/POSIXC50/avail/filehole/filehole.c
/POSIXC50/avail/fnmatch/fnmatcht.c
/POSIXC50/avail/fopen/fopen253t.c
/POSIXC50/avail/getcwd/getcwdt.c
/POSIXC50/avail/geteuid/geteuidt.c
/POSIXC50/avail/getgroups/getgroupst.c
/POSIXC50/avail/getlogin/getlogin.c
/POSIXC50/avail/getlogin/getlogint.c
/POSIXC50/avail/getopt/getopt.c
/POSIXC50/avail/getopt/getopt1t.c
/POSIXC50/avail/getopt/getoptt.c
/POSIXC50/avail/getpid/getpidt.c
/POSIXC50/avail/getpwnam/pwnamt.c
/POSIXC50/avail/getpwuid/pwuidt.c
/POSIXC50/avail/getuid/getuidt.c
/POSIXC50/avail/getuid/printuidst.c
/POSIXC50/avail/glob/globt.c
/POSIXC50/avail/ioctl/ioctl.c
/POSIXC50/avail/isatty/isattyt.c
/POSIXC50/avail/lstat/filetypet.c
/POSIXC50/avail/mkfifo/isfifo.c
/POSIXC50/avail/mkfifo/mkfifocmd.c
/POSIXC50/avail/mknod/mknod.c
/POSIXC50/avail/mknod/mknodt.c
/POSIXC50/avail/open/open.c
/POSIXC50/avail/open/open1011t.c
/POSIXC50/avail/open/openmaxt.c
/POSIXC50/avail/open/openreadt.c
/POSIXC50/avail/open/opent.c
/POSIXC50/avail/open/opentapeout.c
/POSIXC50/avail/perror/perrort.c
/POSIXC50/avail/pipe/pipet.c
/POSIXC50/avail/popen/popent.c
/POSIXC50/avail/putenv/putenvt.c
/POSIXC50/avail/race_conditions/race.c
/POSIXC50/avail/race_conditions/raceav.c
/POSIXC50/avail/race_conditions/raceav2.c
/POSIXC50/avail/race_conditions/racef.c
/POSIXC50/avail/readlink/readlinkt.c
/POSIXC50/avail/reg/regt.c
/POSIXC50/avail/remove/removet.c
/POSIXC50/avail/remove/rmt.c
/POSIXC50/avail/rename/rename.c
/POSIXC50/avail/rename/renamet.c
/POSIXC50/avail/semctl/semctlt.c
/POSIXC50/avail/setjmp/setjmpt.c
/POSIXC50/avail/setjmp/vart.c
/POSIXC50/avail/signal/signalt.c
/POSIXC50/avail/sigsetjmp/sigsetjmpt.c
/POSIXC50/avail/sigsuspend/critregt.c
/POSIXC50/avail/sigsuspend/globvart.c
/POSIXC50/avail/stat/statt.c
/POSIXC50/avail/symlink/symlinkt.c
/POSIXC50/avail/sysconf/confvalt.c
/POSIXC50/avail/system/cicmdt.c
/POSIXC50/avail/system/systemt.c
/POSIXC50/avail/system/systimet.c
/POSIXC50/avail/time/timet.c
/POSIXC50/avail/times/times1t.c
/POSIXC50/avail/times/timest.c
/POSIXC50/avail/tmpnam/tmpnam_errnot.c
/POSIXC50/avail/tmpnam/tmpnamt.c
/POSIXC50/avail/umask/umaskt.c
/POSIXC50/avail/uname/uname.c
/POSIXC50/avail/unlink/unlink1t.c
/POSIXC50/avail/unlink/unlinkt.c
/POSIXC50/avail/utime/utime.c
/POSIXC50/avail/utime/utimet.c
/POSIXC50/avail/utime/utsrt.c
/POSIXC50/avail/wordexp/wordexpt.c
/POSIXC50/defects/alarm/alarm.c
/POSIXC50/defects/alarm/read_timeout.c
/POSIXC50/defects/alarm/timeoutljt.c
/POSIXC50/defects/alarm/timeoutsrt.c
/POSIXC50/defects/alarm/timeoutt.c
/POSIXC50/defects/execvp/execvpt.c
/POSIXC50/defects/getgrgid/getgrgid.c
/POSIXC50/defects/getgrgid/getgrgid_real.c
/POSIXC50/defects/getgrgid/getgrmem.c
/POSIXC50/defects/getgrgid/getgrmemt.c
/POSIXC50/defects/getgrgid/getgrmemxl.c
/POSIXC50/defects/getgrgid/grgidt.c
/POSIXC50/defects/getgrnam/getgrnam.c
/POSIXC50/defects/getgrnam/getgrnam_real.c
/POSIXC50/defects/getgrnam/grnamsrt.c
/POSIXC50/defects/getgrnam/grnamt.c
/POSIXC50/defects/ttyname/ttyname.c
/POSIXC50/defects/ttyname/ttynamet.c
/POSIXC50/defects/ttyname/ttynsrt.c
/POSIXC50/defects/uname/uname.c
/POSIXC50/defects/uname/unamet.c
/POSIXC50/include/pmpeerror.c
/POSIXC50/include/pmpeerrort.c
/POSIXC50/include/strmpeerror.c
/POSIXC50/notavail/ctermid/ctermid.c
/POSIXC50/notavail/ctermid/ctermidt.c
/POSIXC50/notavail/fchmod/fchmod.c
/POSIXC50/notavail/fchmod/fchmodt.c
/POSIXC50/notavail/fpathconf/fpathconf.c
/POSIXC50/notavail/fpathconf/fpathconft.c
/POSIXC50/notavail/fsync/fsync.c
/POSIXC50/notavail/fsync/fsynct.c
/POSIXC50/notavail/ftruncate/ftruncate.c
/POSIXC50/notavail/ftruncate/ftruncatet.c
/POSIXC50/notavail/link/link.c
/POSIXC50/notavail/link/linkt.c
/POSIXC50/notavail/pathconf/confvalt.c
/POSIXC50/notavail/pathconf/pathconf.c
/POSIXC50/notavail/pathconf/pathconft.c
/POSIXC50/notavail/setgid/setgid.c
/POSIXC50/notavail/setgid/setgidt.c
/POSIXC50/notavail/setpgid/setpgid.c
/POSIXC50/notavail/setpgid/setpgidt.c
/POSIXC50/notavail/setsid/setsid.c
/POSIXC50/notavail/setsid/setsidt.c
/POSIXC50/notavail/setsigint/setsigint.c
/POSIXC50/notavail/setsigint/setsigint2.c
/POSIXC50/notavail/setsigint/setsigintat.c
/POSIXC50/notavail/setsigint/setsigintft.c
/POSIXC50/notavail/setsigint/setsigintt.c
/POSIXC50/notavail/setsigint/tcsetint1t.c
/POSIXC50/notavail/setsigint/tcsetint2t.c
/POSIXC50/notavail/setsigint/tcsetintt.c
/POSIXC50/notavail/setuid/setuid.c
/POSIXC50/notavail/setuid/setuid_real.c
/POSIXC50/notavail/setuid/setuids.c
/POSIXC50/notavail/setuid/setuidt.c
/POSIXC50/notavail/setuid/setuidxl.c
/POSIXC50/notavail/tc/crnlt.c
/POSIXC50/notavail/tc/read1chart.c
/POSIXC50/notavail/tc/read1t.c
/POSIXC50/notavail/tc/read2chart.c
/POSIXC50/notavail/tc/readt.c
/POSIXC50/notavail/tcdrain/tcdrain.c
/POSIXC50/notavail/tcdrain/tcdraint.c
/POSIXC50/notavail/tcflow/tcflow.c
/POSIXC50/notavail/tcflow/tcflowt.c
/POSIXC50/notavail/tcflush/tcflush.c
/POSIXC50/notavail/tcflush/tcflusht.c
/POSIXC50/notavail/tcgetattr/cfgetspeedt.c
/POSIXC50/notavail/tcgetattr/tcgetattr.c
/POSIXC50/notavail/tcgetattr/termt.c
/POSIXC50/notavail/tcgetpgrp/tcgetpgrp.c
/POSIXC50/notavail/tcgetpgrp/tcgetpgrpt.c
/POSIXC50/notavail/tcsendbreak/tcsendbreak.c
/POSIXC50/notavail/tcsendbreak/tcsendbreakt.c
/POSIXC50/notavail/tcsetattr/cst.c
/POSIXC50/notavail/tcsetattr/cu.c
/POSIXC50/notavail/tcsetattr/getpass.c
/POSIXC50/notavail/tcsetattr/getpasst.c
/POSIXC50/notavail/tcsetattr/getpswd.c
/POSIXC50/notavail/tcsetattr/getpswdt.c
/POSIXC50/notavail/tcsetattr/noresett.c
/POSIXC50/notavail/tcsetattr/raw_cbreakt.c
/POSIXC50/notavail/tcsetattr/read1t.c
/POSIXC50/notavail/tcsetattr/readioctlt.c
/POSIXC50/notavail/tcsetattr/readst.c
/POSIXC50/notavail/tcsetattr/readt.c
/POSIXC50/notavail/tcsetattr/shesc1t.c
/POSIXC50/notavail/tcsetattr/shesct.c
/POSIXC50/notavail/tcsetattr/tcsetattr.c
/POSIXC50/notavail/tcsetattr/tcsetshescape.c
/POSIXC50/notavail/tcsetattr/tcsetshreturn.c
/POSIXC50/notavail/tcsetattr/tctest.c
/POSIXC50/notavail/tcsetpgrp/tcsetpgrp.c
/POSIXC50/notavail/tcsetpgrp/tcsetpgrpt.c
/POSIXC50/rmsoon/cont.c
/POSIXC50/rmsoon/dirname.c
/POSIXC50/rmsoon/setegid.c
/POSIXC50/rmsoon/seteuid.c
/POSIXC50/rmsoon/streamjob.c
/POSIXC50/rmsoon/tcgetattr1.c
/POSIXC50/rmsoon/tcsetattr1.c
/POSIXC50/rmsoon/whence/whence.c
/POSIXC50/rmsoon/whence/whencet.c
/POSIXC50/scriptsdev/dirlist.c
/POSIXC50/scriptsdev/func.c
/POSIXC50/scriptsdev/hellow.c
/POSIXC50/stdc/raise/raise.c
/POSIXC50/stdc/raise/raiset.c
/POSIXC50/test/Xos.c
/POSIXC50/test/cpunbuf.c
/POSIXC50/test/read.c
/POSIXC50/test/structt.c
/POSIXC50/unix/basename/basename.c
/POSIXC50/unix/basename/basenamet.c
/POSIXC50/unix/currlangid/currlangid.c
/POSIXC50/unix/currlangid/currlangidt.c
/POSIXC50/unix/cuserid/cuseridt.c
/POSIXC50/unix/dirname/dirname.c
/POSIXC50/unix/dirname/dirnamet.c
/POSIXC50/unix/gettimeofday/gettimeofday.c
/POSIXC50/unix/gettimeofday/gettimeofdayt.c
/POSIXC50/unix/grent/grent.c
/POSIXC50/unix/grent/grentn.c
/POSIXC50/unix/grent/grentn1.c
/POSIXC50/unix/grent/grentt.c
/POSIXC50/unix/nice/nice.c
/POSIXC50/unix/nice/nicet.c
/POSIXC50/unix/psignal/psignal.c
/POSIXC50/unix/psignal/psignalt.c
/POSIXC50/unix/pwent/pwent.c
/POSIXC50/unix/pwent/pwentt.c
/POSIXC50/unix/setpgrp/setpgrp.c
/POSIXC50/unix/setpgrp/setpgrpt.c
/POSIXC50/unix/sync/sync.c
/POSIXC50/unix/sync/synct.c
/POSIXC50/unix/sys_siglist/siglistt.c
/POSIXC50/unix/sys_siglist/signot.c
/POSIXC50/unix/sys_siglist/sys_siglist.c
/POSIXC50/unix/truncate/truncate.c
/POSIXC50/unix/truncate/truncatet.c
/POSIXC50/unix/ulimit/ulimit.c
/POSIXC50/unix/ulimit/ulimitt.c
/POSIXC50/util/apue/clr_fl.c
/POSIXC50/util/apue/daemon_init.c
/POSIXC50/util/apue/err.c
/POSIXC50/util/apue/lock_reg.c
/POSIXC50/util/apue/lock_test.c
/POSIXC50/util/apue/log.c
/POSIXC50/util/apue/open_max.c
/POSIXC50/util/apue/openlog.c
/POSIXC50/util/apue/par_ch_sig.c
/POSIXC50/util/apue/path_alloc.c
/POSIXC50/util/apue/pr_exit.c
/POSIXC50/util/apue/pr_mask.c
/POSIXC50/util/apue/readn.c
/POSIXC50/util/apue/set_fl.c
/POSIXC50/util/apue/signal_intr.c
/POSIXC50/util/apue/syslog.c
/POSIXC50/util/apue/tty.c
/POSIXC50/util/apue/writen.c
/POSIXC50/util/chspace/chspace.c
/POSIXC50/util/env/getenv/getenv.c
/POSIXC50/util/env/getenv/getenvptr.c
/POSIXC50/util/env/getenv/getenvt.c
/POSIXC50/util/env/getenv/showenv.c
/POSIXC50/util/env/putenv/putenv.c
/POSIXC50/util/env/putenv/putenvt.c
/POSIXC50/util/errorstoci/errorstoci.c
/POSIXC50/util/errorstoci/errorstocit.c
/POSIXC50/util/getmpelogin/getmpelogin.c
/POSIXC50/util/getmpelogin/getmpelogint.c
/POSIXC50/util/getpw/getpw.c
/POSIXC50/util/getpw/getpwt.c
/POSIXC50/util/getpw/getpwxl.c
/POSIXC50/util/getvar/getvar.c
/POSIXC50/util/getvar/getvart.c
/POSIXC50/util/mpename/mpename.c
/POSIXC50/util/pintopid/pintopid.c
/POSIXC50/util/putvar/putvar.c
/POSIXC50/util/putvar/putvart.c
/POSIXC50/util/system_output/system_output.c
/POSIXC50/util/system_output/system_outputt.c
/POSIXC50/util/termtype/termtype.c

Sockets

bind()

MPE bind() requires GETPRIVMODE() to bind to ports less than 1024.
You cannot bind() to specific network interface addresses; instead you must bind to the wildcard address of zero (i.e. INADDR_ANY). This may cause problems for programs that use ioctl() to obtain the IP address of each network interface and then proceed to bind() to each of those non-zero addresses.

Duplicating socket descriptors may result in a system abort the next time you call fork(); see Bugs below.
You *MUST* use sfcntl() to manipulate socket descriptors instead of fcntl(). Unfortunately this can be very painful if the program you are porting has some fcntl() calls against socket descriptors, and other fcntl() calls against file descriptors. You cannot use sfcntl() to manipulate file descriptors.
Socket options defined in include files but not supported by setsockopt():

SO_KEEPALIVE
SO_REUSEADDR
SO_SNDBUF
TCP_NODELAY

recvfrom()

Calling recvfrom() against a stream will error with EOPNOTSUPP. Use recv() instead.
The from address of a packet sent from the local host will inappropriately be 127.0.0.1; see Bugs below.

MPE can't connect() to datagram sockets.
MPE inetd inappropriately passes the incoming socket only as stdin (fd 0), whereas HPUX inetd passes the incoming socket as stdin (fd 0) and stdout (fd 1); see Bugs below.
Though it's not documented, ioctl() appears to support SIOCGIFxxx requests for obtaining network interface configuration information.
The maximum size of the from address structure used by recvfrom() is sizeof(struct sockaddr_in).

Terminal I/O

Ha ha ha ha! I feel sorry for you if you have to read this section! The POSIX General Terminal Interface was never formally completed. But see libbsd from jazz for an unsupported informal implementation.

Missing functions (all of these are in libbsd):

getpass()
tcgetattr()
tcsetattr()

Miscellaneous

MPE does not appear to pass a valid environment pointer as the third positional parameter to the main() outer block, i.e. main(argc, argv, envp). Workaround:

int 
main (argc, argv, envp)
     int argc; 
     char **argv;
     char **envp; 
{
#ifdef __hp3000s900
  envp = environ;
#endif

MPE does not support setuid/gid binaries, i.e. "chmod u+s setuidnmprg" and "chmod g+s setgidnmprg".
MPE POSIX group names are returned by the gid-related functions in the format "ACCOUNT" and POSIX user names are returned by the uid-related functions in the format "USER.ACCOUNT".
MPE lacks the concept of uid 0 (i.e. root). When a POSIX function normally requires you to be uid 0 in order to call it, MPE generally expects GETPRIVMODE().
MPE lacks /etc/group.
MPE lacks /etc/passwd.
MPE lacks /etc/utmp.
MPE lacks /dev/console. Workaround: use PRINTOP() (documented and supported) or genmsg() (undocumented and unsupported).
MPE lacks supplementary group memberships. A process may belong to one and only one group (the gid associated with your MPE account).
MPE programs with special capabilities (i.e. PM etc) must reside in the MPE name space and cannot reside in the HFS name space. However, you can certainly create a HFS symbolic link to point to the MPE program name expressed in /ACCOUNT/GROUP/PROGRAM syntax.
HFS file names use a rather restrictive character set of A-Za-Z0-9_.- but this is liberalized by the unsupported MPEJXQ1 patch. Note that unsupported MPEJXQ1 has been superseded by the supported beta patch MPEKX76.
When using POSIX programs to read traditional (i.e. non-bytestream) MPE files, be aware that some POSIX programs first call stat() to determine how many bytes are in the file. For fixed record length MPE files, stat() returns:

(number of records) * (record length + 1 [the implied newline or LF record separator])

It is possible to call traditional MPE intrinsics like FCONTROL against files opened in POSIX programs. See fsync() above for an example of this.

Bugs

Under certain circumstances, if you use fdopen() to associate a file descriptor with a stream, and then call fprintf() to print to that same stream, you will enter an infinite loop within the fprintf() code in /lib/libc.a. The workaround is to make the stream unbuffered via "setbuf(stream,NULL)". See SR 5003406538.
If you use sfcntl/fcntl(F_SETFL) to set O_NONBLOCK, you will not be able to unset it with another call to sfcntl/fcntl(F_SETFL). Use the equivalent ioctl() requests instead. See SR 5003359554.
The shell's built-in cat command will drop bytes if you do "cat <inputfile >outputfile". Use /bin/cat instead.
/bin/sed has trouble parsing regular expressions that use a / as the leading and trailing delimiter, with interior / characters. Workaround: use any character as the leading/trailing delimiter that does NOT appear in the interior.
setuid() will improperly change the current working directory to be the home directory of the new uid. The workaround is to save and restore the cwd:

cwd = getcwd(cwd_buf, 256); /* Preserve the current working directory */

GETPRIVMODE(); 
result = setuid(uid);
GETUSERMODE();
 
chdir(cwd_buf); /* Restore the current working directory */

Duplicating socket descriptors via dup(), dup2(), fcntl(F_DUPFD), or sfcntl(F_DUPFD) will result in a system abort the next time you call fork().
Calling recvfrom() to read a datagram from the same host executing the recvfrom() will always result in a "from" address of 127.0.0.1. The proper Unix behavior is to return a non-loopback address. A patch has been written and tested within HP to fix this.
MPE inetd inappropriately passes the incoming socket only as stdin (fd 0), whereas HPUX inetd passes the incoming socket as stdin (fd 0) and stdout (fd 1). Go figure. SR 5003355016 has been submitted to request that the existing functionality be documented, and then to enhance the functionality to be like HPUX.
The callci built-in shell command will fail if you use it from a batch job to execute a MPE command like :SETVAR which does not support CI input/output redirection (CIOR). Workaround: create an MPE command file that contains the MPE commands that don't support CIOR, and then use callci to execute the MPE command file.
ftok() in -lsvipc improperly parses file names according to MPE syntax. The workaround is to prepend "./" to file names that don't start with '.' or '/'. SR 5003416081 has been submitted asking for this bug to be fixed.

Mark Bixby